Equal protection of rights

How this is measured

Asks whether the rights a country recognises are actually available to everyone, or are weaker in practice for particular social classes, ethnic or religious groups, regions, or for women. A country can protect rights well on average and still score poorly here, which is exactly what it is for. Because it is coded by country experts and then put through a measurement model, every value is an estimate with a credible interval around it. V-Dem publishes those intervals; this site shows only the point estimate, so how firm any single number is cannot be read off the screen. The intervals are wider where fewer experts coded a country and in the earlier centuries, which is exactly where the long series is most tempting to read closely.

163 countries and territories have a figure for 2025. This is the most recent year the series covers well; the viewer holds every year from 1789.

Data by year

Source and licence

Other personal statistics